Bioeconomic analysis of pelagic fisheries resources for sustainable fisheries management in Semangka Bay, Tanggamus Regency, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15578/aj.v8i1.19884Kata Kunci:
Bioeconomics, pelagic fish, fisheries policy, Teluk Semangka.Abstrak
Increasing fishing pressure can lead to an imbalance between exploitation rates and the carrying capacity of fishery resources. Globally, more than 30% of fish stocks are overfished, while most others are fully exploited. At the national level, Fisheries Management Area of Indonesia (WPP-NRI) 572, covering the Sunda Strait and Lampung waters, has an estimated potential of 1.22 million tons per year, with most pelagic stocks already fully to over-exploited. Indications of excessive fishing pressure are reflected in declining catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the capture of fish below their length at first maturity. These conditions may lead to stock degradation, reduced fishery productivity, and long-term economic losses for local fishers in Tanggamus Bay. This study aims to evaluate the utilization of pelagic fishery resources in Semangka Bay following the establishment of a fisheries conservation area. A bioeconomic analysis using the Fox model was applied, based on data collected from 55 fishers in October 2024. The estimated parameters include intrinsic growth rate (r = 0.388), catchability coefficient (q = 0.000086), and environmental carrying capacity (K = 212,234.135 tons per year). The results indicate that the optimal effort at Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is 2,263 trips per year, producing 20,614.67 tons, while at Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) the optimal effort is 2,260 trips per year, yielding 20,614.63 tons with an economic rent of 516,157 million rupiah. However, during 2015–2023, actual fishing effort exceeded both biological and economic optimum levels, indicating overfishing. Therefore, quota-based management through the implementation of Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and effort control is recommended to ensure the sustainability of pelagic fishery resources.Referensi
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