Author Guidelines

Use the following sequence: title; abstracts and keywords; introduction; materials and methods; combined results and discussion; conclusions; acknowledgements; funding; author contributions; competing interests and relevant AI disclosure; references. Explain the research gap, methods, analyses, and limitations clearly.

Use an appropriate structure with abstracts, introduction, critical discussion, conclusions, acknowledgements, funding where relevant, contribution and competing-interest statements, and references. Explain how the literature was identified and selected so readers can assess the basis of the synthesis.

• Report SI units, define abbreviations, and italicize scientific species names.
• Describe procedures and analysis sufficiently for evaluation and replication; state ethics approval for studies involving animal or human subjects.
• Provide editable tables and charts. Supply bitmap figures at a minimum of 300 dpi and upload each figure separately as instructed.
• For manuscripts in Bahasa Indonesia, provide bilingual figure and table captions. For manuscripts in English, use English captions.
• Check every in-text citation against the reference list. The official guide calls for at least 80% primary references published within the preceding ten years.